PART - I

Please note that all answers must be written in Hindi.

Section-A

1.History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi.

• Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi.
• Development of Braj and Awadhi as literary language during medieval period.
• Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitaya, Rahim etc. and Dakhni Hindi.
• Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19th Century.
• Standardisation of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi.
• Development of Hindi as national Language during freedom movement.
• The development of Hindi as a National Language of Union of India.
• Scientific & Technical development of Hindi Language.
• Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter relationship.
• Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for its reform & Standard form of Hindi.
• Grammatical structure of Standard Hindi.

Section-B

2. History of Hindi Literature.

• The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and tradition of writing History of Hindi Literature.
• Literary trends of the following four periods of history of Hindi Literature.

A : Adikal-Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya.Prominent poets-Chandvardai, Khusaro, Hemchandra, Vidyapati.

B : Bhaktikal-Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidhara and Ram Bhaktidhara.
Prominent Poets-Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi.

C: Ritikal-Ritikavya, Ritibaddhakavya & Riti Mukta Kavya.
Prominent Poets-Keshav, Bihari, Padmakar and Ghananand.

D : Adhunik Kal

a. Renaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandal.

b. Prominent Writers : Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra.

c. Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry : Chhayavad, Pragativad, Proyogvad, Nai Kavita, Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and Janvadi Kavita.
Prominent Poets : Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar, Agyeya, Muktibodh, Nagarjun.

III. Katha Sahitya

• Upanyas & Realism
• The origin and development of Hindi Novels.
• Prominent Novelists : Premchand, Jainendra, Yashpal, Renu and Bhism Sahani.
• The origin and development of Hindi short story.
• Prominent short Story Writers : Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan Rakesh & Krishna Shobti.

IV. Drama & Theatre

• The origin & Development of Hindi Drama.
• Prominent Dramatists : Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur, Ram Kumar Verma, Mohan Rakesh.
• The development of Hindi Theature.

V. Criticism

• The origin and development of Hindi criticism : Saiddhantik, Vyavharik, Pragativadi, Manovishleshanvadi & Nai Alochana.
• Prominent critics : Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma & Nagendra.

VI. The other forms of Hindi prose-Lalit Nibandh, Rekhachitra, Sansmaran, Yatra-vrittant.

PART - II

This examination paper will require first hand reading of prescribed texts and will test the critical ability of the candidates.

Section-A

• Kabir : Kabir Granthawali, Ed, Shyam Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis.)
• Surdas : Bhramar Gitsar, Ed. Ramchandra Shukla (First hundred Padas)
• Tulsidas : Ramchrit Manas (Sundar Kand) Kavitawali (Uttar Kand).
• Jayasi : Padmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dwip Khand & Nagmativiyog Khand)
• Bihari : Bihari Ratnakar Ed. Jagnnath Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas)
• Maithili Sharan Gupta : Bharat Bharati
• Prasad : Kamayani (Chinta and Sharddha Sarg)
• Nirala : Rag-Virag, Ed. Ram Vilas Sharma (Ram Ki Shakti Puja & Kukurmutta).
• Dinkar : Kurushetra
• Agyeya : Angan Ke Par Dwar (Asadhya Vina)
• Muktiboth : Brahma Rakshas
• Nagarjun : Badal Ko Ghirte Dekha Hai, Akal Ke Bad, Harijan Gatha.

Section-B

• Bharatendu : Bharat Durdasha
• Mohan Rakesh : Ashad Ka Ek Din
• Ramchandra Shukla : Chintamani (Part I)
  (Kavita Kya Hai] Shraddha Aur Bhakti)
• Dr. Satyendra : Nibandh Nilaya-Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai.
• Premchand : Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai, Manjusha - Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai
• Prasad : Skandgupta
• Yashpal : Divya
• Phaniswar Nath Renu : Maila Anchal
• Mannu Bhandari : Mahabhoj
• Rajendra Yadav : Ek Dunia Samanantar (All Stories)

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